THE GREAT SILK ROAD: KAZAKHSTAN'S ROLE AS A CIVILIZATIONAL BRIDGE

Abstract

The article comprehensively examines the historical formation of the Great Silk Road, the stages of its development and its place in the territory of Kazakhstan. Based on ancient Chinese records, it has been scientifically proven that the Silk Road was not only a means of developing trade relations, but also an important bridge for the cultural and economic integration of Western and Eastern civilizations. The strategic importance of the territory of Kazakhstan on this historical route is analyzed, its role in the system of international relations is analyzed. The influence of the Huns, Uysin, Turkic Khaganate, Golden Horde and other large states on the functioning of the Great Silk Road is described. In addition, the article examines the role of Kazakhstan in the revival of the Silk Road within the framework of modern geopolitical and economic processes. In this context, the relationship and integration of the Nurly Zhol state program and China's One Belt, One Road initiative will be comprehensively analyzed. During the study, the stages of the formation of the Great Silk Road were systematically studied using the historical-chronological method. Based on the comparative analysis method, data from Kazakh and Chinese sources are compared, their common features and differences are identified. In addition, the method of structural and functional analysis is used to study the interrelations and historical evolution of the economic, cultural and political aspects of the Great Silk Road.