«LITTLE CAULDRON» BY F. GOLOSHCHEKIN IN KARAKALPAKSTAN

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of issues of political and economic development in Kazakhstan in 1925-1930 using the example of the Karakalpak Autonomous Region. Based on the materials of the archives of Kazakhstan and Karakalpakstan, the process of transformation of agriculture and land use in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya is traced. The analysis of events is carried out on the basis of the principles of historicism and objectivity, which are considered in the relationship and dynamics of historical events, taking into account specific historical circumstances. The article shows that the process of implementation of land and water reforms by the Soviet authorities in Karakalpakstan in the mid-1920s had a stable character, which was violated by the policy of F. Goloshchekin to force events in this area.  In the second half of the 1920s, land and water reform began to be accompanied by repressive measures against large and medium-sized landowners, which provoked popular reports against Soviet power. After the suppression of the foci of resistance, mass collectivization of peasant farms began, not taking into account the specifics of the region, which led to the migration of part of the population. The political course "little Kazan", based on the suppression of local national elites and strengthening the administrative and economic control of the center, became one of the reasons for the withdrawal of the Karakalpak autonomous region from the composition of Kazakhstan.