THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PROBLEM-BASED EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND METHODS OF CREATING PROBLEM SITUATIONS IN DEVELOPING THE THINKING ABILITY OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract

Developing the thinking skills of primary school pupils is a key priority in modern education. Traditional approaches to teaching, which emphasise the transfer and memorisation of ready-made knowledge, often limit students' cognitive activity and independence. In response to this challenge, problem-based educational technologies have become an effective pedagogical approach that actively involves students in the learning process. This article examines the importance of problem-based educational technologies in the development of cognitive abilities in primary school pupils, the development of critical thinking, creative thinking, logical thinking and systematic thinking skills. It also shows the importance of methods for creating problem situations in primary school classrooms. Based on an analysis of pedagogical and psychological literature and classroom practice, the study shows how problem situations stimulate logical, critical, and creative thinking in students. The results show that the systematic use of problem-oriented learning increases student motivation, encourages independent problem solving, and promotes a deeper understanding of the content of learning. The article concludes that problem-based technologies and problem-posing methods are not merely pedagogical tools, but integral components of modern primary education. These components transform the classroom into a place of intellectual inquiry, where students learn to think, ask questions, and innovate.