THOUGHTS ON THE “TEACHING OF CONSCIENCE” IN THE WORKS OF SHAKARIM

Abstract

Conscience (ar) is a key moral category that defines a person’s ethical responsibility to themselves and society. In today’s world, globalization, technological progress, and media expansion create moral dilemmas, making the study of conscience crucial. It helps individuals maintain integrity despite external pressures and fosters honesty, fairness, and respect, especially in culturally diverse societies.

Moral education is central to modern curricula, with conscience as its core. Kazakh thinkers emphasized honor, justice, and duty, considering conscience the foundation of national morality. Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly placed ar at the heart of his philosophy, viewing it as the highest moral principle shaping a person’s inner purity and responsibility.

This article explores Shakarim’s "teaching of conscience," its relation to Abai’s concept of a complete person, and scientific insights into morality and ethics. It also examines Shakarim’s views on religion and their relevance to education. The study concludes that integrating his ideas into modern curricula strengthens youth’s ethical and moral values while fostering appreciation for national culture.