EPIZOOTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BLACKLEG DISTRIBUTION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE EPIZOOTIC SITUATION IN THE ATYRAU REGION (2021–2025)

Abstract

An analysis of the epizootic situation of blackleg in the Atyrau region during 2021–2025 was carried out. Based on official reports of the regional veterinary service, the spatial and temporal patterns of disease occurrence and spread were evaluated. During the study period, a total of 42 outbreaks of dangerous and infectious animal diseases were registered in the region, of which 3 outbreaks (7.1%) were attributed to blackleg. All recorded cases occurred in cattle, and all affected animals died from the disease.

The analysis of blackleg distribution demonstrated a non-uniform spatial occurrence within the region. All outbreaks recorded during the five-year period were confined to Kyzylkoga district. In particular, two outbreaks were reported in 2022: one in the “Sultan” farm located in the Kozdygara rural district and another in the “Tokmyrza” farm in the Zhangeldin rural district. In 2023, one additional outbreak was detected in the Kozdygara rural district. No cases of blackleg were registered in 2021, 2024, or 2025.

The temporal analysis revealed that blackleg cases occurred in January, May, and November. Of all identified outbreaks, 33.3% were recorded in November. This finding indicates a possible increase in disease activity during the autumn period and highlights the importance of considering seasonal factors when planning preventive vaccination programs.

The structure of epizootic outbreaks showed that, on average, only one animal was affected per outbreak. The low outbreak intensity suggests that blackleg is not a highly contagious disease and that natural focal factors play a significant role in its epidemiology. At the same time, the repeated occurrence of cases in Kyzylkoga district indicates that this territory should be regarded as a persistent risk area for blackleg.

The study results demonstrated that the overall epizootic situation regarding blackleg in Atyrau region remained relatively stable during the study period. However, the repeated registration of outbreaks in Kyzylkoga district emphasizes the need to strengthen epizootiological monitoring, ensure timely preventive vaccination, and maintain continuous surveillance of pasture sanitary conditions. The obtained results may be used to improve veterinary and sanitary measures against blackleg, assess regional epizootic risks, and develop effective disease prevention strategies.