EPIZOOTOLOGICAL MONITORING OF NOSEMATOSIS OF BEE COLONS (APIS MELLIFERA) IN NATURAL AND CLIMATIC ZONES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTANEPIZOOTOLOGICAL MONITORING OF NOSEMATOSIS OF BEE COLONS (APIS MELLIFERA) IN NATURAL AND CLIMATIC ZONES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

Abstract

The article presents the results of epizootological monitoring of honey bee nosematosis (Apis mellifera) in various natural and climatic zones of the Republic of Bashkortostan for the period 2023–2025. Based on the analysis of the pathogen prevalence, three categories of territories were identified: free-range districts (no registered incidence), districts with low incidence, and districts with high incidence. It was found that in 2023, out of 11 surveyed districts, 2 were free (Kaltasinsky and Karaidelsky); in 2024 — 1 out of 9 (Salavatsky District); in 2025 — 7 out of 9 (Aurgazinsky, Bakalinsky, Dyurtyulinsky, Ilishevsky, Karmaskalinsky, Kushnarenkovsky, Chekmagushevsky). Low incidence rates were recorded in Burzyansky (5%), Buraevsky (8%) and Blagoveshchensky (8%) districts in 2023; in Uchalinsky (14%), Kiginsky (20%) and Mechetlinsky (27%) in 2024; in Ufimsky (97.1% safe) and Sharansky (98.2% safe) in 2025. High incidence rates (>10%) were recorded in 2023 in Yanaulsky (27%), Tatyshlinsky (20%), Beloretsky (13%) and Birsky (11%) districts; in 2024 — in Abzelilovsky (66%), Baymaksky (60%), Belokataysky (25%) and Duvansky (30%) districts. The data obtained demonstrate significant geographic variability in the spread of nosema disease in the Republic of Bashkortostan, confirming the importance of this infestation for regional beekeeping. For preventative purposes, annual diagnostic testing of all bee colonies is recommended, with particular attention to high-risk areas.